The Ministry of Education, Science and Sport of the Republic of Lithuania is the central government institution responsible for developing state policy across education, science, higher education, and sport.

In Research and higher education, the Ministry is the main policy making and coordinating authority. It defines the national strategy and priorities for research and development and higher education. The Ministry oversees the establishment and restructuring of state higher education institutions and research institutes, ensures their quality and international competitiveness by allocating funds, including EU investments, and promoting scientific excellence. Its overarching goal is to foster a knowledge-based economy and society.